LECTURE 02       Art Nouveau / Jugendstil

Art Nouveau

Art Nouveau is an international style of decoration and architecture, which was developed in the 1880s and 1890s. In design Art Nouveau was characterized by writhing plant forms and an opposition to the historicism which had played the 19th century. concept and idea was to embrace curves enthusiastically and extrovert the art movement.  There was a tension implicit through the movement between the decorative and the modern style. Its emphasis on decoration and artistic unity link the movement to contemporary symbolist ideas in art. But the movement was also associated with arts and crafts ideas and, as such art Nouveau forms a bridge between Morris and Gropius. In Britain the style was exemplified by the architecture of charles Rennie mackintosh. It can be said the one can not help but acknowledge the detail in the architectural form which entails interior and exterior of components. Vladislav Gorodetsky is famous for his Art Nouveau style buildings one of these buildings is the House with Chimaeras which was built in 1901-1902. As an individual I appreciate such Art I have personally done a case study on at the artists Gustav Klimt I have always been so involved in this streamlined design.

Lecture 03                                                                                                                                                               Ornament and Crime

Adlof Loos is one of the most important pioneers of the modern movement in architecture. Ironically and most of his influences were based largely upon a few interior designs and a body of controversial. Adolf Loos (1870-1933) his buildings were so buildings were exact examples of austere beauty. Adolf Loos not only was part of the first wave of modern architecture but also served as an important source of inspiration for all architects who followed. He is emblematic of the turn-of-the-century generation that was torn between the traditional culture of the nineteenth century and the innovative modernism of the twentieth. Loos’s masterful “astylistic architecture” is captured in this volume by the esteemed photographer Roberto Schezen in over one hundred exceptional photographs. Luminous black-and-white photographs display each building in detail, showing both the formal characteristics and the rich textures and materials Loos most frequently used. I think loos had derived though rich textures and formal characteristic which was visible in his work. This could be because in his circle, which included Arnold Schonberg, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and at the center, Karl Kraus, explored the essential nature of architecture, and the other arts and sciences, through linguistic structures. I do believe that Apartment 1903 had so perfectly combined function and linked event using spatial strategies which is what I most admire about the be interior this over lapping of function and aesthetics. In my opinion I understand this concept in his work and it drives me to reveal or develop this in my own projects focusing on the space being created within the walls.

Robie House built between 1908 and 1910 by architect Frank Lloyd Wright, it is said that his architectural style that was among the first uniquely American I think that Robie House has various components owned in their design which influences the plants around and longer landscape. It is not possible to believe the building as one but structural parts details that fit together to make the puzzle complete, all elements built to this character. I personally like how there is this consciously lined horizontal appearance of each individual brick but yet up close is complex. I also like how the interior spaces are connected on the south side of the building. I am mostly aware of is the use of materiality and functionality together at the same time.

Lecture 04                                                                                        From industrialization to the industrialization of War

The Industrial Revolution (1820-1870) was a major part of  the economic development of the United States. The first Industrial Revolution occurred in Great Britain and Europe during the late eighteenth century. The Industrial Revolution then centered on the United States and Germany.The Industrial Revolution itself refers to a change from hand and home production to machine and factory. The first industrial revolution was important for the inventions of spinning and weaving machines operated by water power which was eventually replaced by steam. This helped increase America’s growth. But the industrial revolution truly changed American society and economy into it changed it into modern urban-industrial state. The appearance of the new techniques started to appear and materials led to the enormous experimentations, and that was because of social changes, economic development, which had lead to corporations and mass production. Experimentation is of course a of great importance and even the approach of a martial can be discussed, it is vital that one understands these developments in history so we can address to these facts.

The movement of energy was rapidly emerged and recognized Umberto Biccioni painter and culptor this piece of his work concentrates on this movement but the material use embraces a level of structure. Architecture and art overlapping with form and construction this was a new discovery that challenged principles that architecture may have set.

Lecture 05                                                                                                                             Modernist Factions – 4 Movements

Constructivism has been a artistic expiration through the architectural movement that originated in Russia from 1919 onward. At first was in rejection of the idea of art as pure fine art developing capturing it in this constructivism as part of an active force.

The simplified visual compositions are the vertical and a horizontal direction which is used only prim to colours by the twentieth century these drastic changes in art were provoking the predominate use of pure primary colours with black and white there is a relationship between positive and negative arrangements of non-objective forms and lines. De Stijl displays constructivism which they denied decorations and ornamentation and welcomed pure abstraction and harmony between the function and the object.

The De Stijl influence on architecture remained considerable long after 1931, Mies van der Rohe was among the most important proponents of its ideas. Between 1923 and 1924, Rietveld designed the Rietveld Schröder House, the only building to have been created completely according to De Stijl principles. Examples of Stijl-influenced works by J.J.P. Oud can be found in Rotterdam (Café De Unie) and Hoek van Holland. I really like the link of the de Stijl through to architecture and if I may compare it to art nouveau’s connection to architecture I think that it here is much more of a statement and architecture truly wraps it with structure making it its own way of design and not a piece of art but a a piece of element structure,

Lecture 6                                                                                                                                            Modernist Theories & Dogmas

Modernism had been cultural movement in a second half of the nineteenth century which discarded the whole idea of tradition. Modernists approach to reject the art of life and religion or all elementary values that age had accumulated. These principles of modernism in architecture were to be the ultimate innovative materials, rational approach in the design of the constructions and spaces, no decorations or any cultural traditions in the exterior or function of the building. A new tendency to forms and techniques. The founders of the modernism were: Le Corbusier, Walter Gropius, Ludwig, Mies van der Rohe , Oscar Niemeyer and others.

I think Mies has infused many with the main idea of to create an influential twenty century architectural style which would represent the era.  I like the landscaping structure of his work how the building is in harmony with its context.

Lecture 7                                                                                                                                                                                                 Bauhaus

The Bauhaus

House of Building or Building School which is in Germany it combines crafts and the fine arts together. The Bauhaus did not have an architecture department during the first years of its existence It was founded with the idea of creating a total work of art in which all arts, including architecture would eventually be brought together. The Bauhaus style became one of the most influential currents in Modernist architecture and modern design. The Bauhaus had a profound influence upon subsequent developments in art, architecture, graphic design, interior design, industrial design, and typography.

The Bauhaus has this contribution of the arts and which include the architecture influencing this development and discovery of industrial design. The international Style of Bauhaus, was marked by the absence of ornamentation and but harmony between the function of an object or building and its design. One of the most important influencing on Bauhaus was modernism, a cultural movement which origins to the 1880s.

I believe that we should extract from the past not just architects but designers artists and architects. The development of our ideas now should only no after addressing the past and identifying influential reasons in creation, which may inspire new ideas.